Pat the chicken dry with paper towels so the surface is ready for better browning.
Combine the soy sauce, vinegar, garlic, water, bay leaves, black pepper, and optional brown sugar in a bowl.
Add the chicken to the marinade and let it rest for at least 30 minutes. Refrigerate it if marinating for longer.
Transfer the chicken and marinade to a wide pan and bring it to a gentle simmer over medium heat.
Reduce the heat and cook the chicken gently until tender and safely cooked through.
Remove the lid and continue simmering so the cooking liquid can reduce and concentrate around the chicken.
Add the oil when the pan becomes nearly dry and turn the chicken pieces occasionally.
Brown the chicken on several sides until the edges become deeply colored and the remaining seasoning coats the surface.
Check the thickest piece with a food thermometer and make sure the chicken reaches a safe internal temperature.
Rest the chicken briefly before serving so the juices settle.
Serve the dry chicken adobo hot with steamed rice and a fresh vegetable side if desired.